Circular economy

See-through, long-term business relationships Functional business model values long-term relationships over one-off sales Materials in old windows are retrieved and re-used as part of the scheme Customers get the latest in window technology as part of the replacement-upgrade model The German window...

As the name suggests, functional sales business models focus on adapting the function and benefits of a product or service to customer needs instead of emphasising the physical product per se. In such models, the ownership of the physical product often stays with the provider, and maintenance...

Durable products designed with sustainability considerations, or ecodesigned, offer many advantages both to the company and the environment. Ecodesign takes into account the full life-cycle of products, from conception to design and development, to construction, packaging and end-of-life...

The core goal of a waste-management system is to think of ways to improve a company's handling of non-product outputs (waste with zero or negative market value), and implement measures to minimise waste generation through more efficient use of resources or re-use of materials and to separate waste...

Changing the company business model can involve new services, products and approaches to sourcing resources and dealing with customers. The motivation could be to capitialise on a new value proposition aimed at current or new customers or to enter a totally new market niche. Some new business models...